DESCENDANTS OF JOHN CHRISTIAN WOHLMANN
AND RELATED FAMILIES – DE CROISETTES, DANIEL, ANDREWS, MARRIOTT, CLARKE
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Edwin was born in Old Ford in the registration district of Poplar. He was not given the middle
name Henry at his baptism nor on the formal registration documentation, although this name
was cited in later family documents to do with the death of his son Frederick. In the 1851 census for East Street, Victoria. Father is away: Clara Daniel Mile End Old T, Middlesex Middlesex, England, Bow Female 12 Edwin Daniel Mile End Old T, Middlesex Middlesex, England, Bow Male 9 Fanny Daniel Mile End Old T, Middlesex Middlesex, England, St Lukes Female 43 Florence Daniel Mile End Old T, Middlesex Middlesex, England, Stepney Female 1 Frederick Daniel Mile End Old T, Middlesex Middlesex, England, Bow Male 4 Walter Daniel Mile End Old T, Middlesex Middlesex, England, St Lukes Male 14 In 1861 he was a 'soldier' in the 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards, at the Earl Street, St Michael's, Barracks in Coventry in Smithforth? Street. A search in the National Archives yielded the following information. Note: Edwin was not in the Muster books for 1865 and 1868. So where was he? EDWIN DANIEL, National Archives ref: WO 12/275. Piece details: WO 12/275, 4th Dragoon Guards, 1860 - 1861 Sample front cover of muster record: Computed by R.I.T. MacMahon Examined by J Lipscomb 6/6/61 The Charges and Credits exhibited in the General State are submitted for Allowance subject to the Objections contained in the Abstract of Examination. Principal of Number....... Allowed .......... Assistant Accountant General Date stamp October 5 1861. Book keeping branch. Entries for Edwin Daniel: 1860 260. Edwin Daniel. Ordinary pay £89 from 1st April to 30th June. 2 days allowance for Innkeepers or Inhabitants for men on stationary quarters [a kind of living-out allowance]. 260. Edwin Daniel. Ordinary £92 from 1st July to 30th September. Coventry. On front in Folio 12 Part I A de G Rice 22/2. 260. Edwin Daniel. Ordinary Pay £92 from 1st October to 31 December. Stamp June 7 1861. Muster record signed off 25 March 1861. 1861 260. Edwin Daniel. Ordinary Pay £90 from 1st Jany to 31 March. Coventry. Furlough 1st to 10th March. On front of muster book: Date stamp October 5 1861. No further entries in 1861. Perhaps Edwin was looking for work between 1st and 10th March. Here is the household in the 1871 census for 38 Rushmore Road, Hackney. Edwin is now living with his brother William Herman. Edwin is married to Eliza, and they have their first baby, Edwin, with them. His sister-in-law Ellen Clark is staying with them. As William Herman has just lost his first wife, he soon marries Ellen. When she too dies, he remarries for a second time. Wm Herman Daniell 36 Hackney Head Hackney St John London Lilian Elizh Daniell 5 Limehouse Daughter Hackney St John London William Daniell 2 Hackney Son Hackney St John London Elizh Clarke Daniell 2 months Hackney Daughter Hackney St John London Edwin Daniell 29 Old Ford Bow Woodham Brother Hackney St John London Eliza Daniell 26 Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, England Sister-in-law Hackney St John London Edwin Daniell 5 months Hackney Nephew Hackney St John London Ellen Clarks 29 Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, England Sister-in-law Hackney St John London Mary Ann Anderson 13 Nuneaton Servant Hackney St John London The family story goes that Edwin ran away from home at 17 to join the Grenadier Guards (as shown above, he was actually in the 4th Dragoon Guards). He had to be 6 ft tall and failed the test in the afternoon, but re-presented himself next morning and was accepted. The source of this tale is Kathleen Daniel, his granddaughter who had stayed with him at his house. She also said Edwin was not popular with his family, perhaps because he left home. His Nottingham Powell descendants had relics of his army service, but these have not survived. His army record is being traced. The following shows the movements of the regiment. 1864 11 May The Regiment was inspected by Major General Key, Commanding Cavalry Brigade, Dublin Division, at Dundalk. The Regiment on this occasion worked by 'Fours' as recommended by Major General Lord George Paget, for the first time before a General Officer. 13 June The 'G' and 'H' Troops marched to Drogheda en route to Island Bridge Barracks, Dublin, there to be temporarily quartered. 14 June The 'C' and 'D' Troops marched for Dublin. 17 June The Headquarters with 'A' and 'B' Troops marched for Dublin by the following route: 1st Day Drogheda 2nd Day Balbriggan 3rd Day Dublin to be temporarily stationed in Island Bridge Barracks 11 May Six Troops of the Regiment under Colonel Shute were inspected by Major General Lawrenson, Inspector General of Cavalry in the Phoenix Park. The Major General was accompanied by a Board of Officers of which he was the President for the purpose of reporting our Major General Lord George Paget's new system of working by 'Fours'. The Board was much pleased with the Field Day in every respect and were especially complimentary in their remarks upon the celerity and precision with which every manoeuvre was executed. The Regiment advanced in line at a gallop and was put about by 'Fours' without halting, a flank was thrown back in changes of front and position from the advance in line, in like manner without a previous halt; altogether the Board was so thoroughly satisfied of the superiority in every respect of the system of working by 'Fours' over 'Threes' that it recommended the adoption by the Cavalry of Major General Lord George Paget's system. 14 July The 'F' Troop marched from Belturbet en route to the Curragh Camp where it arrived on the 19th instant. 19 July The Headquarters and five troops marched from Dublin to the Curragh, there to be encamped in Donnelly's Hollow. 21 July The 'H' Troop marched to the Curragh Camp. 22 July The 'E' Troop marched from Belfast en route to the Curragh Camp, where it arrived on the 30th instant. 1 September The Regiment marched from the Curragh Camp into Newbridge Barracks, there to be quartered. 19 September The Regiment was inspected by Major General Key Commanding Cavalry Brigade Dublin Division. 22 September A new pattern tunic for Heavy Dragoons was introduced - with an Austrian Knot on the sleeves and the collar edged with narrow braid in order that the facings might be the more readily distinguished. 31 December Strength of the Regiment this day was: Officers Men Horses 33 546 368 1865 17 April The Regiment was inspected by Major General Key, Commanding the Cavalry Brigade, Dublin Division, at Newbridge. 24 April The 'D' and 'G' Troops marched to Athy en route for Cork, to be there stationed. 25 April The 'B' and 'C' Troop marched to Athy en route for Fermoy, to be there stationed. 27 April The Headquarters with the 'A' and 'H' Troops marched for Cahir by the following route: 27th Athy 28th Castlecomer 29th Kilkenny 30th Halt 1 May Fethard 2nd Cahir to be there stationed 28 April The 'E' and 'F' Troops marched to Athy en route for Cahir, where they joined Headquarters on the 3 May. 2 July The Regiment was employed from this date until the end of the month in aid of the Civil Power during the General Elections; Detachments were sent to the following places; Waterford, Dungourney, Clonmel, Tipperary, Cashel, Clogheen, Mallow, Kanturk, Bandon, Kinsale, Skibbereen, Youghal, Middleton, Bantry and Macroom. 27 July Though 'B' and 'G' Troops changed quarters, the 'B' Troop moving from Fermoy to Cork and the 'G' Troop from Cork to Fermoy. 17 August The 'D' Troop marched from Cork to Ballincollig to be there stationed. 19 August The Regiment was inspected by General The Right Honourable Sir Hugh Rose, GCB, to be Commanding the Forces in Ireland, at Cahir. 19 September The 'G' Troop marched from Fermoy to Cork and the 'G' Troop from Fermoy to Ballincollig, the 'B' Troop from Cork to Bandon and the 'D' Troop from Ballincollig to Skibbereen: the troops at all these stations being employed to aid the Civil Power in making arrests of Fenian prisoners etc. 19 & 20 September The Regiment was, on these days, inspected by Major General Lord George Paget Inspector General of Cavalry after which (on the 20 instant) the 'E' and 'F' Troops marched from Cahir to Fermoy to be there stationed. 13 October The Regiment was inspected by Major General Key Commanding the Cavalry Brigade, Dublin Division at Cahir. 24 September The Headquarters with the 'A' and 'H' Troops marched from Cork by the following route: 24 October Fermoy 25 October Cork to be there stationed 13 October The 'E' and 'F' Troops marched from Fermoy to Cork and joined Headquarters to re-enforce the Troops at the latter station, and were all employed from this date until the end of the year on escort and other duties in aid of the Civil Power during the sitting of the special commission for the trial of Fenian prisoners, during the whole of which time a troop of dragoons were kept in readiness to turn out, at Olden's Livery Stables in Winthrop Street. 31 December The strength of the Regiment this day was: 34 Officers 551 Men 368 Horses 1866 26 March The 'A' Troop marched for Skibbereen to relieve the 'D' Troop. 14 June Major General Key Commanding the Cavalry Brigade, Dublin Division made his half yearly inspection of the Regiment this day. 24 August The 'G' and 'H' Troops marched for the Curragh Camp. 25 August The 'D' Troop and Headquarters marched for Newbridge by the following route: 25 August Fermoy 26 August Clogheen 27 August Clonmel 28 August Halt 29 August Callan 30 August Kilkenny 31 August Castle Corner 1 September Athy 2 September Newbridge 27 & 28 September The Regiment was inspected by Major General Lord George Paget, CB, Inspector General of Cavalry. 15 & 16 October Brigadier General H D White, CB, Commanding Cavalry Brigade, Dublin Division, made his half yearly inspection of the Regiment. 19 October The Regiment was inspected by General the Right Honourable Lord Strathnairn, GCB, GCSI etc, etc, Commander of the Forces in Ireland. 31 December The strength of the Regiment this day was: 34 Officers 555 Men 365 Horses 1867 26 February The Regiment ordered to be in readiness to proceed to Scotland. 6 March The 'A' and 'B' Troops under the command of Captain Chilton proceeded by rail (via Newbridge to Haglehotch Station) to Tallaght to form part of a column from Newbridge to take the Insurgents in rear - there being a partial rising of Fenians over Ireland. During the remainder of the month the Regiment was completely broken up in detachments in the performance of the most harassing duties. One Troop ('D'), at the Limerick railway junction, was picketed in the open with heavy snows on the ground, the men with the partial shelter of an engine sled. Another Troop ('C') was at Tipperary on Colonel McNeil's Flying Column - marching night after night on the Galtree Mountains frequently going 20 and 30 miles. Another Troop ('E') formed part of the Carlow Flying Column. The troops at Newbridge were employed partially, and were in readiness to start at a moment's notice to any part of Ireland. The Detachment rejoined Headquarters at Newbridge during the first week in April. 16 March The move of the Regiment to Scotland countermanded. 18 March The Regiment ordered to be held in readiness to proceed to Aldershot. 29 March The 'E' Troop rejoined Headquarters from Carlow by march route via Athy. 1 April The 'D' Troop rejoined Headquarters from Limerick Junction by march route via Cashel, Urlingford, Castlecomer and Athy. New helmets were issued to the Regiment. 3 April The 'C' Troop from Tipperary rejoined the Headquarters by the following route, Cashel, Urlingford, Castlecomer, Athy. 9 April The Regiment marched to Aldershot by the following route: 1st Squadron and 1st Detachment of young horses on 9 April 2nd Squadron and 3rd Detachment of young horses on 10 April 4th Squadron of young horses on 11 April The dismounted portion of the Regiment via Dublin and Portsmouth on 13 April 3rd Squadron and Headquarters on the 17 April Celbridge and Lucan Dublin and embark Disembark at Liverpool and march to Prescott Warrington Middlewich Halt Newcastle-under-Lyme Stafford Wolverhampton Bromsgrove Halt Stratford-on-Avon Halt Shipston-on-Stour Woodstock Abingdon Henley-on-Thames Aldershot 14 May Quartered in the North Camp - horses in canvas stables. Inspected by Major General Hodge, CB, Commanding Cavalry Brigade. 17 June Present at a Review of the Division of HRH The Prince of Wales. 3 July Two Squadrons ('A', 'D', 'F', 'H' Troops) marched to Hounslow Heath and were encamped there with the King's Dragoon Guards, 15th Hussars and 17th Lancers previous to a Review by Her Majesty the Queen. The Review was however countermanded and the Troops returned to Aldershot on 5 July. 18 July Inspected by Major General Lord George Paget, CB, Inspector General of Cavalry. 26 September 525 Carbines of the Tinder converted breech loading pattern issued to the Regiment. 1 October The Regiment vacated the lines in the North Camp and moved into the West Cavalry Barracks. 8 October Inspected by Major General Hodge, CB, Commanding the Cavalry Brigade. 31 October Inspected by Lieutenant General Sir J Yorke Scarlett Commanding the Division. 13 December Present at a Review of the Division before Prince Fokugava Minbutaiko, brother of the Tycoon of Japan. The Prince was afterwards entertained at lunch by the Officers of the Regiment. 31 December The strength of the Regiment this day was: Officers Men Troop Horses 34 544 364 On the departure of the Regiment from Ireland in April 1867, the following letters were received by Colonel Shute. Copy Dublin - 13 April 1867 My dear Shute, I was much obliged to you for the kind letter you wrote to me, expressing the feelings of your Officers and yourself on leaving Ireland. I shall be happy to say officially that I am much obliged for the good will you have displayed and the assistance you have given me during the time I have been here and to yourself and to your Regiment for their excellent conduct in the disturbed districts; the more creditable as many of your men being a national Regiment are necessarily connected with that part of the world. I was going to have given you the command of a Flying Column, which both Lord Abercorn and myself thought it would be well to form the traverse Wicklow part of Kildare and Wexford; not to fight, for there was nothing to fight, but to reassure people who were much and unnecessarily alarmed and to enable the Police to search all suspected houses for arms and implicated parties; than which nothing produces a more wholesome effect as was experienced in the extensive districts and mountains traversed by the Flying Columns. All the guilty were as much in dread of, as the loyal were pleased by their sudden and ubiquitous visits, evidently quite unexpected. The Thurles Flying Column took one night 24 of a Fenian Band. I shall be so glad if you and Mrs Shute to whom I beg to be kindly remembered, would do me the pleasure to stay with me when you come to embark. I enclose a cheque for £10 for Punchestown which I ought to have sent long ago. Pray excuse. Your very faithfully (Signed) Strathnairn Colonel C C Shute 4th Dragoon Guards Copy Commander of the Forces Office Royal Hospital Dublin 15 April 1867 Sir, On the eve of your departure from Ireland, I am directed to acquaint you that Lord Strathnairn has much pleasure in causing to be conveyed to you the marked expression of the satisfaction which he has derived from the conduct of your Regiments of which you have uninterruptedly held the command since you have been under his Lordship. The Commander of the Forces has the more reason to be gratified with the Regiment; since, having in their tour of duty gone to the districts which had been pointed out to him by the Government as the most disturbed and the most tainted by Fenianism; the behaviour of the men has been excellent although much detached which is always a trial to the discipline of a Corps. The Regiment being a national one had necessarily many connections in these disturbed districts but this had no effect whatever I their invariably good conduct and the favourable terms in which Lord Strathnairn now speaks of the Regiment he had much pleasure in addressing to them on Parade last summer on the Curragh. I have the honour to be, Sir Your obedient humble Servant (Signed) L Curzon Bt Lt Col & Military Secretary Colonel Shute Commanding 4th Dragoon Guards and Extract from a note received from Colonel Curzon, Military Secretary I really cannot help saying even on this miserable scrap of paper how much I regret your departure from Ireland. I must say a pleasanter Colonel to do duty with either in the field or correspondence I never met, and privately, my feelings are if possible stronger, and I am sure. I wish you and your Regiment all prosperity. Yours most sincerely (Signed) L Curzon 1868 Aldershot 19 March Present at a Review of the Division by Her Majesty the Queen. 15 April The Division inspected by Her Majesty on Bricksbury Hill. 16 April The Regiment inspected by Major General Lord George Paget, CB, Inspector General of Cavalry. 17 July The Regiment inspected in Brigade by Major General Lord George Paget, CB, Inspector General of Cavalry. 3 August Present at a Review held by Her Majesty. The Regiment was Brigaded for the drill season with 1st Life Guards and 5th Dragoon Guards. 12 & 13 August The Regiment moved to Brighton and Shorncliffe by the following routes. The 'C' and 'F' Troops and Headquarters } 'A' & 'H' Troops 13th The 'C' and 'F' Troops and Guildford } Godalming 14th The 'C' and 'F' Troops and Horsham } Petworth 15th The 'C' and 'F' Troops and Brighton } Brighton The 'B' & 'E' Troops via 'D' & 'G' Troops via 12th The Guildford Troops via Godalming 13th The Reigate Troops via Dorking 14th The Tonbridge Troops via Sevenoaks 15th The Cranbrook Troops via Maidstone 16th The Halt Troops via Halt 17th The Ashford Troops via Ashford 18th The Shorncliffe Troops via Shorncliffe The Wing at Shorncliffe under the Command of Major Chaplin. Brighton Extract from a note from Lieutenant General Sir James Y Scarlett Commanding Aldershot Division to Colonel Shute. Forest Lodge Farnborough 27 August 1868 If ever I put in orders a leave taking order, I should have done so in honour of the 4th Dragoon Guards, who deserve all that can be said in their praise and you may tell them so from me. In appearance and drill, discipline and social qualities, no Regiment is superior to the Royal Irish Dragoon Guards. 24 October Inspected by Major General D Russell, CB, Commanding South Eastern District. 21 November The Colonel of the Regiment General R Pigot died at his residence, Chieveley, Newbury, Berks, at the age of 98 years. 22 November General Sir James Chatterton Bart. KCB, appointed Colonel of the Regiment - Sir James served with the 4th Dragoon Guards in the Peninsula and so commanded the Regiment for upwards of 17 years. 1869 1 January The strength of the Regiment this day was: Officers NCOs and Men Troop Horses 34 548 366 7 April Establishment of the Regiment reduced to 4 Squadrons. 3 Field Officers 41 Sergeants 8 Captains 4 Farriers 12 Subalterns 9 Trumpeters 7 Staff Officers 24 Corporals 443 Men 344 Troop Horses 20 April A scale of fines for Drunkenness promulgated to the Army. 15 April 4 Troops from Shorncliffe, 2 to Weedon ('D' & 'G'), 2 to Sheffield, ('B' & 'E'), by march route. 17 June The Regiment inspected by Major General Lord George Paget, KCB, Inspector General of Cavalry. 24 August The Headquarters and one Squadron of the Regiment marched to Sheffield by the following route, and one Squadron to Northampton and Weedon. 24th Brighton 23rd Brighton 24th Horsham 23rd Horsham 25th Dorking 24th Dorking 26th Chertsey 25th Twickenham 27th Great Marlow 26th Watford 28th Aylesbury 27th Dunstable 29th Halt 28th Newport Pagnell 30th Stony Stratford 29th Halt 31st Daventry 30th Weedon 1st Sep Halt Northampton 2nd Lutterworth (The Troop from Weedon marched 3rd Leicester to Northampton to form Squadron 4th Nottingham with 'H' Troop) 5th Halt 6th Mansfield 7th Sheffield 1 September The Regiment formed according to the new organisation vis: 'A' & 'B' Troops …………………..'A' Squadron 'C' & 'D' Troops …………………..'B' Squadron 'E' & 'F' Troops ……………………'C' Squadron 'G' & 'H' Troops …………………..'D' Squadron Sheffield 7 September A General Order issued to the effect that the service ammunition of the Army was to be removed from the mens' pouches and placed in the Regimental expense magazines, Guards, Escorts or parties detached in aid of the Civil Power invariably to have the requisite amount of ammunition served out to them previous to going on duty. The supply to be returned into the magazine immediately after the duty has been performed. 10 September The Regiment inspected by Major General Sir John Garvock, KCB, Commanding Northern District. 12 November Control Department established in the Army by Royal Warrant. The Regiment headed the list of Cavalry for good shooting this year. 9 December Two Squadrons and Headquarters marched from Sheffield to Manchester by the following routes: 9th Chapel-en-le-Frith and Glossop 10th Manchester 10 December The Squadron at Weedon marched to Liverpool by the following route: Friday 10th Rugby Saturday 11th Atherstone Sunday 12th Halt Monday 13th Rugeley Tuesday 14th Stone Wednesday 15th Sandbach Thursday 16th Warrington Friday 17th Liverpool 1870 Manchester 1 January Officers Men Horses 33 515 344 1 April The Regiment reverted to the Troop systems in accordance with General Order dated 'Specially issued 12 March 1870'. 3 May From the War Office - Establishment of the Regiment from 1 April to be as under: Communication from War Office dated 3 May 1870: 3 Field Officers 7 Captains 7 Lieutenants 3 Lieutenants on Cornet's Pay 5 Staff 456 Non Commissioned Officers and Men 300 Troop Horses Attached - 1 Surgeon and 1 Assistant Surgeon 30 April The Regiment inspected by Major General Sir John Garvock, KCB, Commanding Northern District. 6 June Royal Warrant promulgated to the Army shortening the period of service required to obtain Good Conduct Pay. 10 August New Army Enlistment Act promulgated shortening period of service for dismounted branches of the Service. 19 August The Regiment was inspected by Major General White, CB, commanding the Aldershot Cavalry Brigade. 5 December Shabraques were discontinued as an article of equipment for the Non Commissioned Officers and men only. 27 December A new Royal Warrant for pay and promotion promulgated to the Army in Para 633 of this Warrant, the daily payments of the Non Commissioned Officers and men was ordered to be discontinued and a weekly payment in arrears substituted. *** According to family records, he was an army pensioner, in which case his records should be at National Archives in Kew. Their contact centre is prepared to help with locating records. He was a heavy drinker according to Kathleen, and due to a withered arm did not find it easy to find work. If he did indeed join the army perhaps he learned his book keeping skills there. Mostly he appears to have worked as a bookkeeper or clerk although it is suggested that the responsibilities of Union Workhouse Master, which he claimed wherever he went, would encompass responsibility for all inmates, their discipline and welfare. When Edwin was born, Old Ford was a small village on the river, the 'old ford' on the river Lea. This was tidal as far north as Old Ford Locks, and traces of the original ford have been found. The East of London Family History Society account says that Old Ford was thought to be the lowest point on the river where one could cross on foot. It was thought to form part of the Roman road from the City of London to Colchester. There is evidence of a Roman settlement in the 3/4th centuries AD. Eventually, the centre of population shifted to Bow as the ford became increasingly dangerous. Queen Matilda built a bridge further south at Bow and that set the seal on the migration south. Old Ford settled to become a quiet village with farming and market gardening. Then, in the 19th century, London spread east. Factories were built. The railways and canals made inroads. Old Ford became an industrialised suburb, close to industrial areas of the East End. There was much poverty and poor housing. Edwin was said to be descended from William Daniel, a coal merchant from Wales who built the Central School of Arts in London and was knighted. His name was, apparently, over the door of the building, but this claim has not been verified. Enquiries through all the relevant authorities who hold archives has yielded no proof of this by June 2003: on the contrary, the Daniels appear to have been working folk, butchers, cooks, and sometimes (perhaps when unemployed 'gents'.) At the point of his marriage to Eliza Clarke in May 1870, Edward was, according to the marriage entry, Master of the Union poor house in Kidderminster although there was no proof in the records of the workhouse to this effect. The Master's duties were to oversee the management of the workhouse and its inmates and register all workhouse births and deaths. Edwin is described as 28, a Bachelor, Master of Poorhouse, resident at Union House. His father's name was given as William Daniel, Cook. His witness, and presumably best man, was Benjamin Watton. The marriage was after the calling of Banns. His bride was 25, a spinster of Wood Street, but with no occupation. Her witness was her sister Ellen Clark, with no final 'e'. To see the church of St John the Baptist, the Team Rector is Canon Harold Goddard. Tel: 01562 822186, The Vicarage, 9 Sutton Park Rd, Kidderminster, Worcs DY11 6LB. From http://users.ox.ac.uk/~peter/workhouse/admin/admin.html The Master The Master was responsible to the Union and to the Poor Law Commissioners for the proper running and administration of the workhouse. He was also required to be "a friend and protector of the inmates". A workhouse Master had to be at least 21 years old, able to keep accounts, and "a person of sufficient education, strength of will, and firmness of purpose, whilst he is considerate and gentle in his bearing, without servility or disrespect to the guardians and the higher officers, and without intolerance or laxity to the other officers or inmates." He was also to "have due control over himself, and never exhibit or allow others to exhibit, violence of temper, or use profane or irritating language." A Master held office for life, unless he resigned or became incapable of discharging his duties. Where, as often happened, the Master and Matron were married, and the wife died, resigned or was dismissed, then the Master had to vacate his post unless the Guardians and Poor Law Commissioners agreed to re-appoint him. Some Masters were indeed very long-serving, for example George Edward Douglas was Master of St Marylebone workhouse from 1862 to 1894. Between 1835 and 1918, Abingdon workhouse had only three different Masters. Amongst the Master's numerous duties were: To admit paupers into the workhouse. To ensure new male inmates are searched, cleansed, clothed and classified. To enforce industry, order, punctuality and cleanliness. To read prayers to the paupers before breakfast and after supper each day. To hold a daily roll-call and inspection of inmates. To provide work, training or occupation for the inmates. To inspect the male sleeping wards at 11am daily. To superintend the preparation and distribution of food. To say grace before and after meals. To visit the male sleeping wards before 9pm in winter and 10pm in summer to see that all male paupers are in bed, and all fires and lights not necessary for the sick are extinguished. To receive the workhouse keys from the Porter at 9pm and return them to him at 6am. To see that the male paupers are properly clothed, and that their clothes are kept in proper repair. To register all Births and Deaths in the workhouse. To send for the Medical Officer if any pauper is taken ill or becomes insane, and to inform their nearest relation in the workhouse, and in the case of dangerous sickness, to send for the Chaplain, and any relative or friend whom the pauper may desire to see. To ensure that no pauper near death is left unattended, day or the night. To inform the Medical Officer and next of kin of any death in the workhouse. If the body is not removed within a reasonable time, to provide for its interment. To deliver an inventory of the clothes and other property of any pauper who may have died in the Workhouse, to the Guardians at their next meeting. To submit, at each Board meeting, an estimate of provisions and other articles required for the Workhouse. To ensure that the workhouse building, fixtures, fittings etc. are kept clean and in good order. To report at each meeting of the Guardians on the number of the inmates in the workhouse To bring before the Visiting Committee or Guardians any pauper inmate wishing to make a complaint. To report to the Medical Officer and Guardians all cases where any restraint or compulsion is used towards any pauper inmate of unsound mind. When Edwin was admitted to the Drapers' Company Freedom by Patrimony on 28th September 1870 he claimed to be 'Master of the Union, Mansfield, Notts.' (At the ceremony for admittance to the Freedom by Patrimony he was supported by the testimony of his uncles, James and George.) Yet an examination of the workhouse records at Mansfield shows that Edwin was interviewed on January 24th 1871 along with five others on the shortlist. Page 180 shows that he claimed to be 37 when he was in fact 27, and therefore youngest applicant. He polled 6 votes, as against Mr Hughes who gained 10. Mr Bagshaw received 4 votes, so he was dropped and the voting began again. Edwin gained 8 but Mr Hughes 12. Mr Hughes was offered the post. Yet he was never appointed, although one of the other applicants who was lower in the running and aged 29, Mr Skinner, was later found to be appointed. So what Edwin Daniel was doing claiming to be the workhouse Master can only be guessed at. It is possible he helped out while they appointed a new Master. Equaly, it is possible the truth was being distorted. Edwin was not good at holding down jobs: he was partly disabled with a withered arm, and was, by accounts in the family, a serious alcoholic. Eliza and Edwin's first child, also Edwin, was born in Hackney in London at the home of William Herman Daniel. Their second son, William Charles, in Northamptonshire. It is not known what Edwin's family were doing there at Silverstone, and it seems odd that no address was given on William's baptism record. The fact that Edwin and his wife joined forces with his brother William helps to explain how the Daniel family survived until they moved to Northamptonshire where William Jnr was born, although not how they lived there, much less where. Research (July, 2003) into the workhouse records for Hackney (Hackney Board of Guardians) showed that records for that time are on microfilm with gaps in the holdings. The register of Settlement 1864 - 1870 (with a gap following up to 1892) shows nothing to indicate who would have been master of the workhouse, with no Daniel entries (ref. X104/065 (HABG/195/006). Receiption orders for 1869 to 1872 (Lunatics Reception Orders, ref. X104/70 (HABG/201/002) give names of officials but no Daniel entries. This might, however, be nothing to do with the workhouse. The Admissions and Discharges list (X104/86) for the Old and New Workshouses of Sidney Road 1868-1875 show GG Johnson as Master of the Househouse at Homerton, c. 1870/1, but this might have been the wrong area. In the 1881 census, Edwin was to be found living with his large family at Elly Clough House, Royton, Lancs (Source: History library film 1341979. Public records office ref. RG11). This house, along with the two cottages beside it, still stands, knocked into one as the Greyhouse pub in Royton. It was a large house for the day, with probably four big rooms downstairs and four or five bedrooms upstairs. In the 1881 census, Edwin was described as a 'Book Keeper, Out of Employment' with his wife as certificated school teacher. Presumably because of this, his oldest son Edwin was at the Draper's Company charitable boarding school in Tottenham in London, in the same complex as Edwin's mother, Fanny Westbrooke Daniel, had lived as a widow before her death in 1878. A second child had been farmed out too: young Frederick was with his grandmother, Mary Marriott Clarke, and along with a cousin, staying with his aunt Ellen Francis in Nottingham. According to his sister, he was attending Thompson's School, an establishment run by his uncle. [This is yet to be researched, as at January 2004.] The family were only in Lancashire for about ten years. In 1883 Edwin had to watch his baby twin sons die in Hackney within four days of each other, both of respiratory illnesses. No sooner had he registered the death of Herbert than the next day he was back to register Percy's death. This was not the only tragedy to strike the family: the next year Charles died, aged 7, reportedly through falling from a window when sleep-walking. The online indexed version of the 1891 census for Leyton, 13 Leybourne Road, has him incorrectly recorded as Edward. His two sons William and Frederick are away: William completing his apprenticeship and Fred doubtless at sea. Edwin is 'Secretary to Building Society', Eliza is an 'Elementary Teacher', while Edwin and Mary (May) are pupil teachers. Daniel, Edward 49 old;ford;bow, Middlesex Head Leyton Essex Daniel, Eliza 46 Mansfield Woodhouse, Nottinghamshire Wife Leyton Essex Daniel, Edwin 20 lower clapton, Middlesex Son Leyton Essex Daniel, Mary 17 Royton, Lancashire Daughter Leyton Essex Daniel, Eliza 12 Royton, Lancashire Daughter Leyton Essex Daniel, Ethel 10 Royton, Lancashire Daughter Leyton Essex Daniel, Albert 5 Bow, Middlesex Son Leyton Essex At the 1901 census Edwin was still living at 13 Leybourne Road, in the parish of Leyton at Walthamstow, Essex with Eliza and some of their unmarried children. He was described, again, as an unemployed clerk. Eliza was working as a schoolmistress. Edwin their oldest son, described as a schoolmaster, was there with his oldest son Edwin Ernest, age 8 born at Theale, Berkshire. Ethel, who went to Penang and married Les Miles, was still at home too. By his death in 1911, he had metamorphosed into a 'retired estate and house agent' on the Isle of Wight, where he died. No evidence has been found that he actually got involved in such a profession. Perhaps he kept the books for a local estate agent. [It is interesting that some of his descendants who went to live in Victoria, Australia, became estate agents.] The Drapers' Company, a form of ancient City of London Guild or Livery Company, with the usual Freedoms, has no record of any siblings for Edwin. Yet scrutiny of parish records in Stratford, Bow and Bethnal Green, shows that a large family was born. Some, as at June 2003, may still have to be discovered. The cause of death on Edward's certificate is given as 'Died from failure of his hearts action'. The certificate was received from Francis A Doye, Deputy Coroner for Isle of Wight, Inquest held 18 February 1911. His death was registered 20th February 1911 by Thomas York. It is not known who Thomas York was. On his death certificate Edwin is described as a 'Retired Estate and House Agent', Male of 69 years. He was buried in Whitwell churchyard, plot 253, with a stepped plinth and cross. He is said to have died Feburary 16th 1911 aged 70 years. He was buried 20th February 1911, the record states 'aged 69 yrs' although he had turned 70. His daughter-in-law Laverna Goode/Daniel is buried nearby in plot 256, aged 84, having died 24th March 1942. The Isle of Wight County Press, 25th February 1911 reported the Coroner's Inquiry in the Whitwell news section: DEATH OF MR E. DANIEL, -- The Deputy Coroner (Francis A. Joyce, Esq.) held an inquiry at the White Horse, Whitwell, on Saturday into the sudden death of Mr Edwin Daniel, of Ellerslie House. Mr G. F. Phillips was foreman of the jury. Mrs Eliza Daniel, the widow, said her husband, who was a retired house and land agent was 69 years of age. On Thursday witness and deceased went to Ventnor and returned by the 8.40p.m. train. On reaching home at about 9 o'clock deceased lighted the lamp and then fell backwards. She caught him and got him to a chair, but he was unable to speak and apparently died at once. He had been in fairly good health of late, although some eight months ago he was medically attended for an internal trouble. Dr. R. H. Armstrong of Blackgang, who was called by telephone, said he found the deceased in the chair quite dead. He presented the appearance of having died from heart failure and he was of the opinion that death was due to senile degeneration. The jury returned a verdict accordingly. Edwin's gravestone, badly broken and concealed under ivy, alongside Laverna's, his daughter-in-law, was restored in 2004 at the expense of his Dorset great-granddaughter. There are a great many later-life photographs in the family of Edwin Daniel. He was an imposing, tall man, strict with his children and keen to impress outsiders. One story in the family comes from an old friend: he was a 'home devil and a street angel'. |