DESCENDANTS OF JOHN CHRISTIAN WOHLMANN
AND RELATED FAMILIES – DE CROISETTES, DANIEL, ANDREWS, MARRIOTT, CLARKE
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Eliza, a bright child, was born in Mansfield Woodhouse where it seems likely the Clark family
had its roots, to an agricultural labourer, (later a gardener), William and Mary Clark(e).
In the 1861 census, she is still at home with Ellen and their parents at no. 3 Stevenson's Yard. They are both working as pupil teachers. William is shown as a Farm Labourer. Along with at least two of her older sisters she became a teacher. The story in the family is that she trained at an Oxford college but she actually trained at Whitelands College on the Kings Road in Chelsea for 2 years after spending 5 years as a pupil teacher. The date given is 1865. Years, papers 2, Division 1. Class at present 1st, number of reports 15, number of drawing subjects 2, fixed amount of salary (exclusive of grants &c) on 30th September £85. This was found in records at the LMA. It seems she then went back to her home area before marrying. The Whitelands records show that she did indeed attend Whitelands from January 1864. The register of 'pupils' before 1865 is very sketchy, and in fact only confirms that she came from Mansfield Woodhouse and her parents' occupation is listed as 'gardener'. The annual report for 1865-66 does however show that she gained a second division pass in Dec. 1865, and was appointed to St. Paul's School, Boys School, Nottingham. She was also awarded Miss Coutts's prize for needlework in her second year. This note from a website (http://www.btinternet.com/~nttsue/StPaulsNTT.html) gives some detail: NOTTINGHAM CHURCES - 1853 ST. PAUL's The church, originally erected as a chapel of ease to St. Mary's by a grant from government, is now, in conformity with the act of parliament for the division of large parishes, a district or parochial church. It was erected in 1822 on the west side of George street, and was consecrated by the Archbishop of York on the 12th of October, in the same year. It is a handsome stone-fronted rectangular building, 104 feet long, 62 feet wide, and 34 feet high. Four massive fluted columns of the Doric order, 22 feet high, support the portico, which is surmounted by an elegant entablature and pediment, 7 feet 1 inch high. The total height of the portico is 31 feet 4 inches, and it is surmounted by a cupola containing a bell. The dome and lantern are supported by eight Doric columns, and from the basement to the apex of the dome is 45 feet. The roof of the church is supported by fourteen Corinthian columns and pilasters at the angles. The centre aisle is 36 feet, and the side aisles 16 feet, wide. The aisle or side pews are raised, and seats for the poor are placed along the central aisle. The church contains 1,600 sittings, and the interior is lighted by oblong square windows. The patron of the living, the value of which is £200 a year, is Earl MANVERS. The Rev. Charles ARMSTRONG, under whose pastorate the church was speedily filled, was the first incumbent; and though now inadequate to the duties of the pulpit from his state of health, the spiritual wants of the congregation are well supplied by the curate, the Rev. John JONES, B.A. The late curate, the Rev. George CUTHBERT, B.A., who was removed in 1852 to another sphere of usefulness in his afflicted native country, Ireland, gained the affections of his people by the devoted singleness of purpose with which he discharged the duties of his sacred office. During his residence in the town he took a part in the early closing movement; and both in the pulpit and on the platform he energetically testified against popery and unitarianism. Among other curates who have labored in this district are the Rev. Dr. BLAKENEY, the distinguished opponent of Romanism, who in 1851 was removed from Ison Green to Birkenhead, in the county of Chester, and the Rev. W. CLEMENTSON. The organ, built in 1846 by Messrs. BEVINGTON and Sons of London, was purchased by subscription at a cost of £310. The Sunday schools connected with this place of worship are attended on the average by 160 female and 100 male scholars; the number of teachers being 36 female and 13 male. The infant school in Cur lane, open during the week, is usually attended by about 60 children. There is a district visiting society and a juvenile church missionary association, besides supporting which the congregation contribute to the bible, Jews', and other societies. Nothing is known about Eliza's movements are qualifying, except that she married in Kidderminster when Edwin was Master of the Union Workhouse. She did, though, herself spend a time as Matron of Hackney Workshouse while Edwin was working there as 'Master' (no records of this were found). The Matrons acted as the master's deputy to oversee matters relating to female inmates and children, and oversee the workhouse's domestic arrangements. Presumably the post of mistress in the school was already filled. Had she taken that post these would have been her duties, from http://users.ox.ac.uk/~peter/workhouse/admin/admin.html The School-master and School-mistress The duties of a School-master or School-mistress included: To instruct the boys and girls, for at least three hours each day, in reading, writing, arithmetic, and the principles of the Christian Religion, and such other instruction as may fit them for service, and train them to habits of usefulness, industry and virtue. To regulate the discipline and arrangements of the school, and the industrial and moral training of the children. To accompany the children when they quit the Workhouse for exercise, or for attendance at public worship To keep the children clean in their persons, and orderly and decorous in their conduct. To assist the Master and Matron respectively in maintaining due subordination in the Workhouse. The Matron acted as a deputy for the Master in his absence, and also had specific responsibilities of her own, mostly relating the supervision of female inmates and the workhouse's domestic arrangements. Her duties were: To oversee the admission of female paupers and pauper children under seven. To oversee the employment and occupation of female paupers, and to assist the Schoolmistress in training up the children so as best to fit them for service. To inspect the female sleeping wards at 11am daily. To visit the female sleeping wards before 9pm in winter and 10pm in summer to see that all female paupers are in bed, and all fires and lights not necessary for the sick or for women suckling their children are extinguished. To pay particular attention to the moral conduct and orderly behaviour of the females and children, and see they are clean and decent in their dress and persons. To superintend the making and mending of the linen and clothing supplied to the inmates, and ensure that all such clothing be properly numbered and marked on the inside with the name of the Union. To see that every pauper has clean linen and stockings once a week, and that all the beds and bedding are kept in a clean and wholesome state. To superintend the washing, drying, and getting up of the linen, stockings, and blankets, and to see that the same is not dried in the sleeping-wards, or in the sick-wards. To take proper care of the children and sick paupers, and to provide the proper diet for the same, and for women suckling infants, and to provide any necessary changes of clothes and linen. To assist the Master in: enforcing the observance of good order, cleanliness, punctuality, industry, and decency of demeanour among the paupers; cleansing and ventilating the sleeping-wards and the dining-hall, and all other parts of the premises; placing in store and taking charge of the provisions, clothing, linen, and other articles belonging to the Union. When requested by the Porter, to search any female entering or leaving the Workhouse. A search of the Royton (Oldham) records, where she lived as a married woman, revealed this: St Paul's School, Royton (B-S1), Correspondence (B-S1/1/11/2). Letter from Eliza Daniel written from 'Silverstone', Towcester, dated 30 August 1872 in which she applied for the post of mistress at the Infant School, Royton. She refers to teaching at the parish school there and her need to give three months' notice.This letter also includes copies of testimonials (references) and copies of extracts from HMI Reports and is to be transcribed for these pages: Testimonials: The first dated July 1868 from J Lauphier Rector of Ulcombe late Minister of St Paul's Nottingham states that she worked as a mistress at St Paul's Nottingham (Girls and Infants). The second dated August 1869 from Rev A Brook Vicar of Mansfield Woodhouse states that she was a pupil teacher in the national school of this parish. The third dated 16 August 1869 from J Hill Vicar of St Paul's Nottingham states that she was mistress of the Girls' School for three years, and that the school commenced under her care. In all of the above testimonials she was referred to as Miss Clarke. Reports: Includes extracts from HMI reports for 1868, 1869 and 1872. Form No 30 24 Jan 1873 regarding Annual Grants from the Education Department states that 'Mrs Eliza Daniell' was entered in their Lordships' Register as a duly certificated teacher in St Paul's Royton. HMI Reports (B-S1/1/10/3): Eliza Daniel is mentioned in the HMI report dated 16 July 1875: Infants' School 'Notwithstanding the difficulty which Mrs Daniel must have experienced in instructing and disciplining some 150 children with the assistance of but one, and that an inexperienced Pupil Teacher, the infants answered very creditably all round - subtraction being the only weak point with the elder ones..' Log Book (B-S1/1/1/6). There is also a Log Book for the Infants' School (B-S1/1/1/6) for the years 1872-1918 which includes entries by Eliza Daniel, beginning in 1873 and ending in 1875. These will be transcribed for these pages at a later date, and show that she left over late or inadequate payment as required by her contract. It is not known currently where she taught between 1875 and 1882, but the family were still at Elly Clough House in Royton in 1881, census date. I was hoping to discover from the London records where she was, but as the log books for individual schools have not yet been located, all we can go on are the bound volumes of School board records beginning 1882. She appears in the half year ended 29 September 1882, page 374, working in the Tower Hamlets Division at Burdett-road, Mile End Old Town Mixed (temp). She was gone by March 1884, listed on page 360/1 at Bridge-street West, Mile End (mixed). Her record from there on, up to 1902 (Single-street, Bow Common Lane), is recorded in a separate report. In 1902 she would have been 58, so close to the end of her teaching career, although in theory she could have gone on up to 65, ie 1909. She and Edwin retired to the Isle of Wight presumably after that date. 'An Index of London Schools and their Records' by Cliff Webb, first published by the Society of Genealogists 1999, states that the LMA has records for Burdett Road Scholl, E3 from 1901 - 1922. According to the guide the school opened in 1901, so presumably there was another school in Burdett Road prior to this. No mention of any records. There is also no mention of Bridge Street West in the index. Single Street School, Bow Common Lane, Burdett Road E3, opened 1885. The LMA only has admission and discharge registers covering 1931 - 1938 (infants) and Log Books 1909 -13, 1928 - 33 (girls). I can only assume that any other records did not survive for some reason. I am not sure that Waltham Forest would have any records for the Mile End area, but of course they might if she moved to a school in that area. The guide to record offices says that Tower Hamlet Library, Bancroft Road, does not list education records as being deposited, but this guide is quite old so it might be worth checking with them. In this part of London, considering the pounding it took during the war I think we are lucky in what does survive. Notes on Eliza's childhood life at home can be found against her father's name, including detail from censuses in Mansfield Woodhouse where the family settled. At 16 she was still at home teaching, but nothing is known about where she spent the years before marrying Edwin Daniel in Kidderminster except her training at the famous Whitelands college. Edwin was probably working at the workhouse, although not formally appointed as 'Master', as he claimed. Eliza then seemed to lead a roving life in her homelands area until the family went to London. She gave birth to her children in Hackney, Silverstone, and Royton, then again in Hackney. She lost three of them to early deaths. The 1901 census shows her still working at the age of 56 living at 13 Leybourne Road, St John's, Leyton (Walthamstow) as breadwinner, living now only with Edwin and her daughter Ethel. She became a headmistress of a primary school according to family anecdotal evidence. Also there were her oldest son Edwin from the Isle of Wight, and her grandson Edwin E. (Ernest), aged 8. Eliza's death certificate gives her age as 68 years, formerly School Teacher, Widow of Edwin Daniel, clerk. Her cause of death is given as (1) Apoplexy (an old term for stroke), (2) coma (normal after severe stroke), certified by Vernon Taylor, MB. The informant is Eliza Powell, Daughter present at the death, 60 Derby Grove, Lenton Sands, Nottingham. The date was registered the same day, 29th June, and registered by J O Saxby.The Registration District was Nottingham, the sub-district Nottingham South West and the entry number 25. Check no. 308, paid by E Powell (Ellie nee Daniel, sister of William Daniel). Funeral account for coffin and services, debtor to R Clower & Sons, Derby Rd Mews, Nottingham, 2/7/1912.) Her grave was later adopted by the Powell family and the headstone given over to them. This can be viewed beside the red-brick wall on the left as you enter the main gates of the General Cemetery in Nottingham. Following this path brings the viewer to a bend to the right. About 6 or 7 headstones in on the right, the grave sits between two tall stone headstones. It is a more modern grey marble curved slab given over to the Powells. Her daughter Ellie and son-in-law Ted are also buried there, Ted laid to rest in 1958. It is plain the grave has not been visited for some many years, but would not be expensive to refurbish. The inscription on the grave says: "In loving memory of Eliza (Ellie), the beloved wife of Thomas Edwin Powell who died February 22nd. Aged 58 years, also of Thomas Edwin Powell who died January 13th 1958 aged 80 years." Along the plinth at the left-hand side, it states "Also of Eliza Daniel, dear mother of Eliza Powell, who died June 29th 1912, aged 69 years." It seemed strange, viewing the grave, to see the original incumbent made into an 'also ran'. Eliza's will, written at Lenton Sands (60 Derby Grove still stands), was lodged in Nottingham: This is the last Will and Testament of me Eliza Daniel now residing at No. 60 Derby Grove in the City of Nottingham Widow I hereby revoke all former Wills I devise and bequeath all my real and personal estate of whatsoever nature or kind and wheresoever situate unto my daughter Eliza Powell the wife of Thomas Edwin Powell of Nottingham absolutely I appoint my said daughter and my son Frederick Daniel to be the Executrix and Executor of this my Will In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this twenty second day of June one thousand nine hundred and twelve ------ Signed by the said Eliza] Daniel in the joint presence] of us who in her presence and] Eliza Daniel that of each other have hereunto] subscribed our names as witnesses] W. E. Fimby, 25 Albert Grove, Nottingham. Emily Wyman Michelson, 16 Bastion Street, Old Radford, Notts. This is the will referred to in the attached Declaration. *** To contact the General Cemetery please refer to the Northern Cemetery, Hempshill Lane, Bulwell, Nottinghamshire NG6 8PF Telephone Number 0115 915 3245. The General Cemetery is situated at Canning Circus, which is on Derby Road at its junction with Alfreton Road. It was first opened in 1837 at a cost of £6,000 (money raised by shareholders) and The Freemans Almshouses, on each side of the entrance, were built at the same time. The address is the General Cemetery Canning Circus/Waverley Street, Nottingham. The owner of this site has full details of the location of the grave. |